Clusters: Origin, Organization and Possible Formation in South-Plain Region

Abstract

The different forms of cooperative networks only came into the scope of interest over the last decade. Enterpreneuring groups willing to cooperate under certain, well-defined criteria brought forth a new leve] of association, which can rely on its unique characteristics to be able to compete among multinational giants.

The need for such networks, especially industrial clusters can be detected in the regional plans in Hungary presented following the announcement of the law for regional develop- ment. Therefore the overview of the origins and the basic possibilities provided by cluster- based economic activities is worthwhile for all undertaking venture in such areas.

Present paper describes the origin of co-operations between industrial branches from the "Marshallian" industrial districts to the economic clusters of today. The study gives also insight into the reasons leading to the organization of clusters and shows how clusters can be categorized according to the most important criteria. Finally it discusses the economic gains of cluster formation. The theoretic overview is followed by a practical summary presenting the possible cluster formation processes in the South-Plain region.